When I Travel

Call for the 6th World Water Forum

The 6th World Water Forum is looking to invite advanced Master’s and PhD students from around the world to present their solutions-based work and participate as fully engaged members of the Forum.

Selected applicants will have the opportunity to work with high level experts from academia, the public sector, and private industry. They will take part in networking events with other young professionals and water experts from around the world.

We are searching for ways to get this message spreaded across the globe. Can you please help us?

Participants can apply by filling in this form: http://www.jotform.com/wateryouthmovement/applicationforthe6thworldwaterforum

The attached pdf file contains detailed information about the call.

If you spread this, can you maybe add us in the cc? In that case we know where our message is spreading (wateryouthmovement@gmail.com)

The call can also be found through our facebook: https://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/Water-Youth-Movement-for-the-6th-World-Water-Forum/263638360344284



Explanation of our initiative

We would like to invite you to join the Water Youth Movement for the 6th World Water Forum.! The Water Youth Movement is an open project kick-started by a group of Dutch and French young people and is supported by the French think tank Youth Diplomacy in partnership with the 6th World Water Forum Secretariat. We aim at including as many young people as possible from all around the world.


The 6th World Water Forum gives us, young people, the chance to speak up and to get involved in the process leading up to the 6th World Water Forum in Marseille in March 2012. We are invited to think about, and contribute to solving the targets set by the World Water Community. (http://www.worldwaterforum6.org/en/commissions/thematic/#targets).

Our mission is to spread this message to invite young people with solutions from all over the world to share their ideas with the world water community. Contributors with the best solutions will be invited to come and share them at the Forum in Marseille.
Our action is organised in 4 steps:

1. We gather a network of young people on our Facebook page "Water Youth Movement for the 6th World Water Forum".
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Water-Youth-Movement-for-the-6th-World-Water-Forum/263638360344284

2. We launched a Web Forum on our web site next week to share all our ideas and solutions relating to the topics set by the Forum. We opened a small range of topics now, but hope this will grow. If you're willing to start a debate on another topic, you're more than welcome to contact us to moderate a new topic!http://wateryouthmovement.org

3. We will launch in the coming month a Call for Solutions , through a contest. Best solutions to water issues will then be selected by the Forum Secretariat managers and we will organise with them events to present these solutions at the Forum with discussions with experts, companies, think tanks of the worldwide Water Community and the Youth. Young people will also be able to take part in official committees to present their ideas.

4. We will gather all contributions of the other youth initiatives to the Forum and bundle these with your ideas.

If you’re interested in our initiative, it would be great if you could help us build this Youth Water network! By spreading this message to your own Students, sister-organisations, networks and partners working on water issues or which could be in touch with young people doing so!

You can contribute in several ways: By contributing to the debates on the Web Forum, by moderating a topic on the Web Forum or by organising an event or a youth working group relating to water in partnership with the Forum. The results of such events or debates can be shared on the forum. Do not hesitate to contact us! Most active contributors will be invited to the Forum!

You can forward them this email and invite everyone to like our Facebook page.
We look forward to working with you! The Water Youth Movement really is an Open Project and we will be more than happy to receive any suggestions, contributions, new ideas. Let's make this a truly global movement together!

See you online!

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Water-Youth-Movement-for-the-6th-World-Water-Forum/263638360344284
Website: http://wateryouthmovement.org
Mail: wateryouthmovement@gmail.com

Season's Greetings!


Happy Holidays!

21st International Children Painting Competition on the Environment

UNEP has launched the 21th International children's painting competition.
The Competition is organized annually by the UNEP and the Japan-based
Foundation for Global
Peace and Environment (FGPE), Bayer and Nikon Corporation.The theme of the
21th painting competition will be " Green Communities" and participants
will have until
15 February 2012 to submit their entries.

Sub themes of the competition are:

How would you like to see our environment - our communities, cities,
forests, oceans and atmosphere?
What don't you like about our environment - our communities, cities,
forests, oceans and atmosphere?


The selection process will be in two stages; the regional selection which
will be done by UNEP Regional Offices and their partners, and the global
selection which will be done by UNEP and its partners, Foundation for
Global peace and Environment (FGPE), Bayer and Nikon Corporation.

For more details on the Competition please visit :

http://www.unep.org/tunza/children/documents/2011%20painting%20competition.pdf


Please find below the brochure which has entry details on the Competition .





For more information, send an email to children.youth @unep.org.

Submit your questions for the Global Panel: The Human Rights Perspective for Water, Energy and Food security.

Dear Jessie James Marcellones,

As part of the Bonn2011 Nexus Conference, the Federal Government of Germany and Stakeholder Forum invite you to submit your key questions to the Global Panel: The Human Rights Perspective for Water, Energy and Food security.

This session will discuss how human rights based approaches (RBA) contribute towards better policymaking for water, energy and food security and will be live streamed on the conference website. The debate will take place in a ‘Question Time’ format, seeing your questions, as well as those from the audience put directly to the high level panelists.

“Human rights have been identified as one of the key issues around the Nexus approach. The Human Rights Perspective, therefore, supports mechanisms which help people attain rights, as well as develop the capacity of governments and other stakeholders to safeguard them. The human rights perspective is also essential for policies which minimise social impacts if tradeoffs are to be made. Participatory democratic mechanisms and respect for human rights more broadly will need to frame any policies seeking to guarantee the three securities”.

What will you ask governments and civil society organizations?

The best questions received in advance will be prioritised to address the panel and will acknowledge your name and affiliation.

The panel is formed by Dr. Manfred Konukiewitz, Head of the Global and Sectoral Policies Directorate, German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ); Ms. Shanta Sheela Nairs, Advisor to the Ministry of External Affairs, India; Ms. Danielle Morley, Executive Director, Freshwater Action Network; and Mr. Sena Alouka, Executive Director of Young Volunteers for the Environment, Togo. The session will be facilitated by Mr. Richard Black, BBC Environmental Correspondent.

In addition to submitting questions in advance, you also have the chance to input online during the live session on 16th of November 10:00 – 11:00 (UTC/GMT +1 hour).

Your contributions really matters so please send a question with your name and organisation to: Nick Allen: nallen@stakeholderforum.org

We will soon be publishing details here on how you can watch the session online: http://www.water-energy-food.org/en/home.html

Get Involved: Solutions for A Green Economy – Stakeholder Consultation

As part of a consultation process towards the “Bonn 2011 Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus –Solutions for a Green Economy” conference, we invite you to participate in our stakeholders’ survey. Your contribution will provide input into the “Bonn 2011 Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus –Solutions for a Green Economy” conference to be held from 16 to 18 November 2011; and into the Rio+20 discussions on Green Economy in the context of Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development. Your participation is important! (We will send the synthesis report to all respondents).

http://www.water-energy-food.org/en/stakeholders/get_involved/online_consultation/survey.html

Estimado amigo(a) Te invitamos a participar del proceso de consulta que nutrirá las discusiones de la conferencia “El Nexo Agua, Energía y Seguridad Alimentaria- Soluciones para una Economía Verde” que se realizará en la ciudad de Bon del 16 al 18 de noviembre del 2011. Los resultados de dicha conferencia nutrirán a su vez las discusiones de Río+20 dentro del tema Economía Verde en el contexto del desarrollo sostenible y de la erradicación de la pobreza. Tu contribución es muy importante para entender la conexión entre agua, energía y seguridad alimentaria, y los desafíos para un enfoque multisectorial que garantice el acceso equitativo y a largo plazo a estas tres.

Por favor haz click en el siguiente link (enviraremos el reporte a todos los participantes): http://www.water-energy-food.org/en/stakeholders/get_involved/online_consultation/survey_es.html

UNEP TUNZA International Children and Youth Conference: Children and Youth on the Road to Rio + 20

The TUNZA conference for children and youth is being organized by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP).

The event will bring together around 1400 young people, mentors and celebrities from 100 countries. Participants are divided into two categories: children(10-14) and youth (15-25)

Under the theme 'Reshaping our Future through a Green Economy and Sustainable Lifestyles’, the aim of the conference is to discuss the role of young people in sustainable development and to provide youth input to the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, also known as "Rio+20", which will be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 2012. One of the main outcomes of the conference will be the “Bandung Declaration”, which will provide as global youth statement on sustainable development in the run-up to Rio+20.

The TUNZA conference will also review the contribution of youth to the United Nations International Year of Forests 2011 and explore how young people can encourage their peers to adopt more environment-friendly lifestyles.

The conference will be held from 27 September – 1 October 2011 at Sasana Budaya Ganesha ITB (SABUGA), Bandung Jln Tamansari no 73 Bandung Utara, West Java, Indonesia. All conference sessions will be held at this venue.

International Scholarships at University of Wales, UK, 2011-2012

International Scholarships for 2011/12 entry:

A number of Scholarships are available from the University of Wales, Newport. Students applying for September 2011 or January 2012 entry are eligible to apply for these awards.

Students wishing to apply for these scholarships need to download and complete the Scholarship Application Form

A limited number of Scholarships are available and will be awarded to students on the basis of outstanding achievement. Categories you may wish to consider applying under are:

• Academic
• Social or Cultural: including community projects or voluntary work
• Outstanding Artistic Achievement

The application form requires you to undertake a 500-700 word piece of work supporting your application. Please note that applications must be fully completed and your supporting statement must be within the word limit.

Scholarships are available for both undergraduate and postgraduate applicants and awards are made for the academic year 2011/2012 (or for the duration of your course). Scholarships of £1,000 per year will be awarded and the scholarship award will be deducted from your annual tuition fee. A maximum of 10 undergraduate and 5 postgraduate scholarship awards will be made for each intake (September 2011 and January 2012).

Scholarships will be awarded by the Scholarship Committee based upon merit through consideration of a completed Scholarship Application Form. These awards will be made at the beginning of the each semester and the decision by the Scholarship Committee is final.

Applicants must hold a Visa Letter/CAS for a taught undergraduate or postgraduate course at the University and have firmly accepted their offer before submitting an application. Conditional offer holders may apply but will only be considered for the scholarship after all conditions have been met.

Deadline for scholarship applicants starting in September 2011: 2nd September 2011
Deadline for scholarship applicants starting January 2012: 6th January 2012

Notes for applicants:
- Students are only eligible to apply for ONE University scholarship award.
- Students in receipt of donor funding (e.g Chevening or DFID awards) are not eligible to apply for these awards.
- Applicants must be full fee paying international students on a full-time taught programme of study at the University.
- Successful applicants only will be contacted within four weeks of the application closing dates.

My Opinion re: Sheriff and the Mayor and the Poor People

In the case of Hao vs. Sheriff Andres, A.M. No. P-07-2384, the Supreme Court ruled that, and I quote, " ... sheriffs, being ranking officers of the court and agents of the law, must discharge their duties with great care and diligence. In serving and implementing court writs, as well as processes and orders of the court, they cannot afford to err without affecting adversely the proper dispensation of justice. Sheriffs play an important role in the administration of justice and as agents of the law, high standards of performance are expected of them ...."

Well-settled is the rule that when we speak of dispensation of justice, respect to the rights of the general public to their right to public safety and public order should be the primary objective in enforcing the law, which, in truth and in fact, is its goal. The Sheriff's consideration of the 2-hour extension, if done, which is a reasonable and a legal request of a concerned Mayor in the midst of crisis, who answered the "call for help" of the poor, would play a vital role in the proper dispensation of justice. Had the Sheriff discharge his duties with great care and diligence as expected to him as a ranking officer of the court and agent of the law, riot and other incidents could have been prevented.

If I were to rule on the case, taking into consideration the mitigating circumstances (her intent to create lesser evil to the poor people whom the Mayor is tasked to give assistance before and after the demolition, her act to prevent chaos that may result to death, injuries either to the demolition team or the poor people, or both, among others) and aggravating circumstance (her act of hurting the sheriff in public) in the given case, I will only reprimand the mayor for her act against the sheriff, with a stern warning that a repetition of the same will be dealt with more severely.

First, there was no violation of court order. The Mayor respected it, believing that she is bound by the force and effect of law. She only asked for 2-hour extension just to prevent chaos, preventing evil to rule on the ground, which is reasonable and legal. Had the sheriff granted the reasonable request, there would be no riot at all, considering that the Mayor has the trust and respect from the people. Second, the act of punching, while it caused damage to the sheriff, is justified by the overwhelming force and effect of humanitarian acts, i.e public safety, public order, among others. And lastly, to rule otherwise would violate the well-settled and well-recognized principle in law and humanity that "those who have less in life should have more in law."

For comments, email me at marcellones_jl2003@yahoo.com. Thank you!

The United Nations Programme on Youth would like to request for Inputs for the High-level Meeting on Youth, which will take place on 25 and 26 July 20

Please view the letter and send us your contributions via e-mail to: youth@un.org. You can view the letter at http://social.un.org/youthyear/docs/letter-youth-organizations.pdf


The United Nations Programme on Youth would like to update you on developments in the preparations for the High-level Meeting on Youth, which will take place on 25 and 26 July 2011 at UN Headquarters in New York.

Request for Input to Outcome Document - On behalf of the President of the General Assembly, the UN Programme on Youth has written to youth-led organizations world-wide requesting their input to the formal process of developing the outcome document of the High-level Meeting. The input will be presented to Member States, and must be received by 15 May . Please view the letter and send us your contributions via e-mail to: youth@un.org. You can view the letter at: http://social.un.org/youthyear/docs/letter-youth-organizations.pdf

Registration - Civil society and private sector organizations can register for the High-level Meeting at: http://esango.un.org/irene/?page=viewContent&nr=14742&type=8§ion=8
The deadlines for registration applications are: 30 April for non-ECOSOC-accredited organization; and 31 May for ECOSOC-accredited organizations. Please note that applications are subject to approval. Approved applications will be notified by e-mail in June.
Side Events - Requests for side events to the High-level Meeting on Youth can be submitted online at: http://social.un.org/absolutefp/2011youth-side-events.html
The deadline for side event requests is 15 June. Requests are subject to availability and approval.

For all other information, please go to: http://social.un.org/youthyear/high-level-meeting.html
Please feel free share this e-mail with your friends and networks.

We hope you will participate, and get your voices, ideas, and opinions heard, and engage on this vital topic!

Thank you,

United Nations Programme on Youth

Applications for the ISES 2011 Student Bursary Program are still open!

Applications for the ISES 2011 Student Bursary Program are still open! If you know students in the regions of South America, Continental Europe, the Middle East and Asia in particular please let them know about this amazing opportunity to join an inspired conversation on the future of energy in Vancouver this June.

ISES Fund Your Experience Package
ISES is made possible by the support of our partners. The ISES planning committee, being comprised of students, realizes first‐hand the budget constraints of post‐secondary students. Therefore ISES strives to provide as many resources as possible to assist delegates in funding their trip to Vancouver in June. Our planning committee has several members who have funded themselves in attend conference and competitions all around the world. These members have put together a resource package to pass on key information to students who are interested in attending ISES 2011.


Upon requesting funding from your institution/student organization/local business, please cc:/bcc: Ivy Wan (iwan@studentenergy.org) for reference purposes to ensure ISES 2011 can track the organizations who have been approached.

ISES 2011 Bursary Progam - still accepting applications!
ISES is commited to ensuring all students commitmed to "fueling the future of energy" have equal opportunity to attend. The bursary program has been a hallmark of ISES since its inaugural event in Calgary in June 2009. Successful applicants will receive a bursary ($375 value) that includes:
3 nights accomodation at UBC
Lunch and dinner on all 3 days of the event
Access to all plenary panels, breakout sessions and keynotes
Unique networking opportunities with business leaders, academics and government officials
1 opening reception dinner and 2 gala dinners
2 evening social events
The opportunity to connect with 400 passionate student leaders from 35 countries around the world
Please apply here. Preference will be given to students with demonstrated financial need. Please ensure you have filled out the ISES 2011 Pre-Registration Form before starting your bursary application. If you require a visa, it is essential that you contact us immediately.
We are currently evaluating our existing applicants and will be accepting late applications.

If you have any questions about the ISES 2011 Bursary Program, please do not hesitate to contact Ivy Wan (Delegate Recruitment Director) at iwan@studentenergy.org.

http://studentenergy.org/student-funding

Invitation to Webinar towards Rio 2012 on April 24, 2011, 0800h GMT, with the topic "20 Years after Rio..."

We are inviting you to a Webinar towards Rio 2012 on April 24, 2011, 0800h GMT, with the topic "20 Years after Rio: Stakes and Opportunities for Developing Countries in Shaping an Equitable, Just and Sustainable Future," by Neth Dano. Register at https://spreadsheets.google.com/a/eco-singapore.org/viewform?hl=en&ndplr=1&formkey=dHFuTmt4UGdyQUJ4STQ3U29sM01ITGc6MQ#gid=0

Thank you for your kind interest in the 24h April Webinar Session. We are really glad that you have expressed an interest in this online platform leading up to our conference in July 2011, and hope you are looking forward to the session tomorrow!

The session will be held at 0800 GMT and you may dial in 5 minutes beforehand. Do be punctual for the session!

The sessions would take place as follows:
0800GMT: Ms Neth Dano "20 Years after Rio, Stakes and Opportunities for Developing Countries in Shaping an Equitable, Just and Sustainable Future" (English)
As there will be a Q&A session after the presentation, questions regarding climate issues or the Rio+20 summit are more than welcome!

To attend the session, you would have to access 5 minutes earlier:
http://climategeneration.webex.com

The details for dialing are as follows:

Session number: 735 186 244
Password: ecosingapore

Darwin Initiative - Call for Main and Post Project Applications

DARWIN INITIATIVE CALL FOR FUNDING APPLICATIONS: ROUND 18

The Darwin Initiative offers funds to encourage the sharing of UK biodiversity expertise with local partners in countries with a wealth of biodiversity, but who lack the means to protect these resources and to assist in meeting their international biodiversity commitments.

Since its launch in 1992, the Darwin Initiative has committed more than £80 million in funding for 555 main projects and post projects (consolidating the results of already successful projects). In addition, 27 Darwin Fellowships have been awarded, over 160 small grants have allowed UK applicants to travel to meet and develop applications in collaboration with host country partners, including the new Challenge Fund awards to support applications for main projects in the Overseas Territories.

Originally focusing on supporting projects to achieve their CBD commitments, the Darwin Initiative now also includes the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS or the Bonn Convention). There has also been a shift of focus to ensure that more projects adopt ecosystem-based approaches to conservation and to ensure that the needs of the UK’s Overseas Territories are adequately supported. Please note that applications from Overseas Territories need not have a metropolitan UK based partner in order to apply for Darwin funding.

It is important to note also that, for this and subsequent rounds, there will need to be measurable outputs/outcomes in terms of development of developing countries associated with projects. Successful projects will need to be able to define how their project will benefit these countries, describing how their project will impact on poverty reduction and/or welfare. Further details of this new requirement will emerge during the round, but it is important to stress that this will be a key factor in the success or otherwise of project proposals.

Defra is now inviting applications from UK institutions and organisations in the UK Overseas Territories for support for Main projects to commence from 1 April 2012 and for Post Projects to commence from 1 October 2011. There will be up to £9m available for this new round.

New guidance notes and application forms are available on the Darwin website at http://darwin.defra.gov.uk. If you have difficulty accessing the information and forms, please contact Darwin Applications on Darwin-applications@ltsi.co.uk or on 0131 440 5180. The documents can also be made available in large print on request.

Please note that the process for full projects will be carried out in two stages. Only those applicants successful at Stage 1 will be asked to continue to Stage 2. Please ensure that you read the guidance carefully and complete the forms accordingly – word counts and provision of supporting documentation will be strictly enforced.

The closing date for Stage 1 applications is midnight on Monday 20 June 2011.

Stage 1 applicants will be notified during the week commencing Monday 15 August 2011 and successful applicants will be asked to submit full applications for Stage 2 by midnight on Monday 24 October 2011. Defra hopes to announce the successful Round 18 applications by the end of the year.

The closing date for full Post Project applications will be Monday 13 June 2011.

Further information on the Darwin Initiative, including lists of projects funded in previous rounds, can be found on the website.

If you no longer wish to receive details about Darwin Initiative, or if this email was incorrectly addressed, please let us know and we will amend your listing.


Regards

Eilidh Young
Darwin Projects
DDI 0131 440 5181
http://darwin.defra.gov.uk

c/o LTS International, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PL, UK
Tel: +44.131.440.5500 Fax: +44.131.440.5501 Skype: LTSInternational Website: www.ltsi.co.uk
Registered in Scotland 100833, at the above address

LTS Africa, New Rehema House, Westlands, PO Box 217-00606, Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: +254.20.444.7699/7267 Fax: +254.20.444.8571 Skype: LTSAfrica
LTS Africa Ltd. is a subsidiary of LTS International Ltd. (UK)

All-expense Paid International Course on Networks in Ecology to be held in Brazil on September 2011

International Course on Networks in Ecology to be held in Brazil on September 2011

An advanced intensive course with leading researchers in the field. A São Paulo Advanced Science School sponsored by FAPESP, the São Paulo Research foundation, within its ESPCA Program.


Student Applications

40 places are offered, with a target composition of 20 students from Brazil and 20 from other countries. This is only an approximate figure, we will not set quotas.

Eligibility

Doctoral or masters' students, preferably with ongoing project on course topic(s)
Post-doc students with ongoing project on course topic(s)
Recent PhDs with current and past research on course topic(s)
Very gifted advanced undergraduates
Fees & Expenses

There are no registration fees.
Travel and living expenses will be covered by the ESPCA Ecological Networks (a Fapesp grant). Students already supported by Fapesp scholarships should be covered by their own grants.
Requirements & Files

Applicants should send to the Course Secretary the following documents, written in english:

Biographical sketch (maximum of two pages,model);
An application letter justifying how the course correlates with the applicant’s research (maximum of two pages);
A one-page description of the applicant current research project.
Sending your Application

Applications will be received only by email

To make your application by email, please:

Convert all required files to pdf format.
Pack all files in an single file (zip, rar or tar). Name this file [lastname_firstname].[zip/rar/tar]1)
Write “ESPCA application” in the message subject
Send the message with the required file pack attached to netschool.br@gmail.com
You should receive an automatic confirmation email, and within the next 5 days a further notification by email confirming that your application was in order and complete.
If you receive no confirmation email, resubmit your application to the above email and to netschool@ib.usp.br
If this fails or you really do need further information, you can contact Paulo Guimarães through Skype at paulo.guima
Selection

Applications will be selected by a faculty committee coordinated by Prof. Thomas Lewinsohn. The list with the names of the accepted applicants will be announced on the course site.

Schedule

15 January - 30 April: applications
10 May: list of applications received
30 May: list of accepted applications
10 June: deadline for confirmation by selected applicants

More details at http://www.abecol.org.br/redesecologia/doku.php.

Full scholarship for MSc in Climate Change and Development at University of Sussex/Institute for Development Studies, UK

Full scholarship for MSc in Climate Change and Development at University of Sussex/Institute for Development Studies, UK

A full scholarship (fees plus maintenance and travel) funded through the Commonwealth Shared Scholarship scheme is available for applicants to the MSc in Climate Change and Development programme for entry October 2011.

Note: Potential applicants must undertake the following process in the order stated.

1. Check their eligibility for the award (see criteria below)

2. Submit an application for the MSc in Climate Change and Development using the online application facility at http://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/pg/2011/taught/3331/23691

3. Only after applicants have received an offer of a place on the course should they request an application form for the scholarship, be contacting climate@sussex.ac.uk. The deadline for applications for the scholarship is 1st May 2011.

Scholarship Criteria

Applicants must
(i) be nationals of (or permanently domiciled in) a Commonwealth developing country, and not currently be living or studying in a developed country (please see the booklet for a list of eligible countries)
(ii) hold a first degree at either first or upper second class level;
(iii) be sufficiently fluent in English to pursue the course
(iv) have not previously studied for one year or more in a developed country
(v) not be employed by a government department (for this purpose the Commission counts this as being employed by a Government Ministry).
(vi) be able to confirm in writing that neither they or their families would otherwise be able to pay for the proposed course of study
(vii) be willing to confirm that they will return to their home country as soon as their period of study is complete


Further information

(i) MSc in Climate Change and Development

This is unique course that aims to provide state-of-the-art training for the rapidly expanding market for development professionals with specialisation in climate change. The programme is strongly multidisciplinary and students will acquire specialist knowledge of the causes of climate change, the implications for developing countries, and the policy and practice of efforts to mitigate and adapt to a changing climate. Courses are taught by leading researchers in these fields from the world renowned Institute for Development Studies (IDS), the Geography Department and Science and Technology Policy Research Unit (SPRU).



Tel: +44 (0)1273 877686
Email: climate@sussex.ac.uk

(ii) Commonwealth Shared Scholarship

For full details of the Commonwealth Shared Scholarship scheme see http://www.cscuk.org.uk/docs/DFIDSSSBOOKLET2011vi.pdf

ull scholarship for MSc in Climate Change and Development at University of Sussex/Institute for Development Studies, UK

Full scholarship for MSc in Climate Change and Development at University of Sussex/Institute for Development Studies, UK

A full scholarship (fees plus maintenance and travel) funded through the Commonwealth Shared Scholarship scheme is available for applicants to the MSc in Climate Change and Development programme for entry October 2011.

Note: Potential applicants must undertake the following process in the order stated.

1. Check their eligibility for the award (see criteria below)

2. Submit an application for the MSc in Climate Change and Development using the online application facility at http://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/pg/2011/taught/3331/23691

3. Only after applicants have received an offer of a place on the course should they request an application form for the scholarship, be contacting climate@sussex.ac.uk. The deadline for applications for the scholarship is 1st May 2011.

Scholarship Criteria

Applicants must
(i) be nationals of (or permanently domiciled in) a Commonwealth developing country, and not currently be living or studying in a developed country (please see the booklet for a list of eligible countries)
(ii) hold a first degree at either first or upper second class level;
(iii) be sufficiently fluent in English to pursue the course
(iv) have not previously studied for one year or more in a developed country
(v) not be employed by a government department (for this purpose the Commission counts this as being employed by a Government Ministry).
(vi) be able to confirm in writing that neither they or their families would otherwise be able to pay for the proposed course of study
(vii) be willing to confirm that they will return to their home country as soon as their period of study is complete


Further information

(i) MSc in Climate Change and Development

This is unique course that aims to provide state-of-the-art training for the rapidly expanding market for development professionals with specialisation in climate change. The programme is strongly multidisciplinary and students will acquire specialist knowledge of the causes of climate change, the implications for developing countries, and the policy and practice of efforts to mitigate and adapt to a changing climate. Courses are taught by leading researchers in these fields from the world renowned Institute for Development Studies (IDS), the Geography Department and Science and Technology Policy Research Unit (SPRU).



Tel: +44 (0)1273 877686
Email: climate@sussex.ac.uk

(ii) Commonwealth Shared Scholarship

For full details of the Commonwealth Shared Scholarship scheme see http://www.cscuk.org.uk/docs/DFIDSSSBOOKLET2011vi.pdf

Sayri ang Balaud with Atty. Rudy Alonzo



Widespread destruction from Japan earthquake, tsunamis

The most powerful earthquake to hit Japan in at least 100 years unleashed walls of water Friday that swept across rice fields, engulfing towns, dragging houses onto highways and tossing cars and boats like toys, apparently killing hundreds and forcing the evaucations of tens of thousands.

Prime Minister Naoto Kan said the "enormously powerful" earthquake has caused "tremendous damage over a wide area."

The quake, which struck at 2:46 pm local time, sparked fires in at least 80 locations, Japan's Kyodo News Service reported, and prompted the U.S. National Weather Service to issue tsunami warnings for at least 50 countries and territories.

Police in Miyagi Prefecture say between 200-300 have been found in the coastal city of Sendai alone, Japan's Kyodo News Agency reported late Friday. The death toll is likely to rise as there are few casualty counts yet from the worst-hit areas.

Kyodo, citing Japan's defense forces, said 60,000 to 70,000 people were being evacuated to shelters in the Sendai area.

Japanese authorities ordered the precautionary evacuation of a nuclear plant affected by the earthquake, saying that while there was no immediate danger, crews were having trouble cooling the reactor. The Fukushima plant is one of four closest to the quake that the U.N. nuclear watchdog agency said were safety shut down.

The epicenter was offshore 373 kilometers (231 miles) away from Tokyo, the United States Geological Survey said.
Gallery: Massive quake hits Japan
Map: 8.9 earthquake hits Japan
Witness deals with quake terror
Buildings, windows damaged in Japan

But residents there continued to feel aftershocks hours after the quake. More than 30 aftershocks followed, with the strongest measuring 7.1.

The prime minister said an emergency task force has been activated, and appealed for calm. The government dispatched 8,000 troops to assist in the recovery effort and asked for U.S. military assistance, according to Kyodo.

A spokesman for the U.S. military bases in Japan said all service members were accounted for and there were no reports of damage to installations or ships.

President Barack Obama, while offering his condolences, said the United States was standing by to help "in this time of great trial."

Images from Japanese media and CNN iReporters show smoke pouring from buildings and water rushing across fields carrying away entire structures.

"I wasn't scared when it started ... but it just kept going and going," said Michelle Roberts, who lives in central Tokyo. "I won't lie, it was quite scary. But we are all OK. We live on the third floor, so most everything shook and shifted."

The quake toppled cars off bridges and into waters underneath. Waves of debris flowed like lava across farmland, pushing boats, houses and trailers. About 4 million homes had no power in Tokyo and surrounding areas.

Firefighters battled a fiery blaze at an oil refinery in Chiba prefecture near Tokyo.

The quake disrupted rail service and left people stranded in their offices. It also affected air travel. Hundreds of flights were canceled, Kyodo said. Some 13,000 people were stranded at the Narita airport, with 10,000 stuck at the Haneda airport, Kyodo said.

At Tokyo Station, one of Japan's busiest subway stations, shaken commuters grabbed one another to stay steady as the ground shook. Dazed residents poured into the streets after offices and schools were closed. Children cried.

Residents said though earthquakes are common in Japan, Friday's stunned most people.
Tsunami waters engulf town
Disaster response to Japan quake
Witness: Japan quake unlike any before
Refinery ablaze after quake
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* Earthquakes
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"This was larger than anyone expected and went on longer than anyone expected," said Matt Alt, who lives in Tokyo.

"My wife was the calm one ... she told us to get down and put your back on something, and leave the windows and doors open in case a building shifts so you don't get trapped."

Richard Lloyd Parry said he looked through a window and saw buildings shaking from side to side.

"Central Tokyo is fine from what we see, people are calm ... and not going inside buildings," he said.

Such a large earthquake at such a shallow depth -- 24.4 kilometers (15.2 miles) -- creates a lot of energy, said Shenza Chen of the U.S. Geological Survey.

As the city grappled with the devastation, a massive tsunami swept across the Pacific Ocean.

An earthquake of that size can generate a dangerous tsunami to coasts outside the source region, the National Weather Service said.

In Philippines alone, the tsunami is expected to hit in the early morning and the government has evacuated coastal areas.

The National Weather Service issued warnings for more than 50 countries and territories.

The wide-ranging list includes Russia and Indonesia, Central American countries like Guatemala, El Salvador and Costa Rica and the U.S. state of Hawaii, where warning sirens were sounded in the morning. A tsunami warning was also issued for areas along the United States and Canadian west coasts.

While some officials feared that waves from the tsunami could be high enough to wash over entire islands in the Pacific, at least one expert said it was unlikely.

The tsunami could cause significant damage and flooding, but "washing over islands is not going to happen," said Gerard Fryer of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center.

Humanitarian agencies were working with rescue crews to reach the people affected.

"When such an earthquake impacts a developed country like Japan, our concern also turns to countries like the Philippines and Indonesia, which might not have the same resources," said Rachel Wolff, a spokeswoman for World Vision.

Wolff said her agency is helping people on the ground in Japan and teaming up to help others in countries along the path of the tsunami.

The tsunami could cause damage "along coastlines of all islands in the state of Hawaii," warned the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Urgent action should be taken to protect lives and property."
Tsunamis are a series of long ocean waves that can last five to 15 minutes and cause extensive flooding in coastal areas. A succession of waves can hit -- often the highest not being the first, said CNN meteorologist Ivan Cabrera.

The quake was the latest in a series in the region this week.

Early Thursday, an earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 6.3 struck off the coast of Honshu. A day earlier, a 7.2-magnitude earthquake had struck off the same coast, the country's meteorological agency said.

The largest recorded quake took place in Chile on May 22, 1960, with a magnitude of 9.5, the USGS said.

The quake Friday was the fifth-strongest in the world since 1900, the agency said and the most powerful to hit Japan since then.

Source: CNN

Posted by Jessie James

Now available on www.ourplanet.com, the Living Planet Report 2010

This provides indicators showing that human consumption has almost doubled since 1961, while vertebrate species populations have diminished by around 30%.

The Living Planet Report also looks forward, providing scenarios and analyzing routes to sustainability for the world.

The document is now available in easily downloadable sections - for reading on line, or downloading.

Also NEW is the latest blog from Fabio, from the Ecuadorian Amazon. He describes life returning to normal after new year with the usual Saturday market.

Foreigners scramble to leave Egypt as protests enter 9th day

More foreigners scrambled to leave Egypt on Wednesday as crowds took to the streets for the ninth day to demand the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak.

Chartered planes will start flying out nonemergency U.S. personnel, their relatives and any American citizens who wish to evacuate, said the U.S. State Department, which has ordered all nonemergency government personnel and their relatives to leave the country.

About 1,000 Americans will be evacuated Wednesday and Thursday, officials said.

Mubarak announced Tuesday that he will remain in office until elections in September, sending hundreds of thousands to the streets to demand his resignation. Demonstrators -- who started protesting on January 25 -- had declared Tuesday the day for a "march of millions" in Cairo, Alexandria, and other areas.

As the protests raged on, uncertainty over security sent governments scrambling to evacuate their citizens.
American vows to stay in Egypt
Travelers' stories of escaping Egypt
Americans evacuating Egypt
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RELATED TOPICS

* Egypt
* Cairo (Egypt)
* Hosni Mubarak

The U.S. State Department said 1,600 Americans had been evacuated Tuesday while British carrier BMI said it has organized an extra flight to help British nationals get back to the United Kingdom.

The British Foreign Office said it is sending a charter flight to Cairo on Wednesday to fly back British citizens with no other way to get home.

Greece has sent military aircraft to evacuate 215 Greeks from Egypt, the official Athens News Agency said.

Other countries including China, Canada, India, Thailand and Australia were attempting to get stranded citizens out of Egypt.

A plane carrying 212 Chinese citizens stranded in Egypt arrived in the country Tuesday night, said the nation's state media. Two hours earlier, an aircraft carrying 268 Chinese nationals had arrived in Beijing from Egypt, Xinhua news agency said.

Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard said her government would provide an emergency flight that will depart from Cairo on Wednesday, a statement from her office said.

The flights are part of a broadening effort by governments worldwide to transport their citizens out of the country, where widespread anti-government demonstrations have led to clashes between protesters and police, looting and other dangers.

About 52,000 Americans are believed to be in Egypt -- more than 2,600 of whom have asked to be evacuated, the State Department said.

The State Department said Americans seeking flights out of the country should make their way to Cairo International Airport's HAJ Terminal 4, where officials will arrange charter travel out of the country. Those Americans seeking evacuation will be asked to sign documents promising they will reimburse the government for the flights, the State Department said.

Exact costs hadn't been determined, but a State Department official said it should be comparable to a one-way commercial flight from Egypt to the evacuation points.

Source: CNN

Volatile scene unfolds in Cairo as opposing sides clash

A dramatic and potentially deadly situation unfolded Wednesday at the epicenter of Cairo's demonstrations as pro- and anti-government forces clashed, and supporters of embattled President Hosni Mubarak thundered through the crowds on horses and camels in Tahrir Square.

At least one man was pulled off his horse and beaten.

People hurled verbal insults, rocks and anything else they could find -- shards of metal, sticks, shoes -- at one another. They beat each other in what quickly turned into utter mayhem. But despite the extremely volatile altercations, the police were nowhere to be seen and the army did little.

Blood streamed down the faces of some protesters, who were carried away from the square into a nearby makeshift clinic. Others climbed atop army tanks, waving flags and chanting loudly.
Supporters on horseback in Tahrir Square
A young woman's fight for freedom
Mobilized against Mubarak
Big turnout for 'march of millions'

The melee erupted after pro-Mubarak demonstrators broke through a barricade separating them earlier from anti-government protesters who have been amassing for nine days in the downtown plaza that has become the symbol of Egypt's uprising.

Contesting rallies were also taking place further north in the Mediterranean city of Alexandria.

Earlier in Cairo, the crowds were smaller and the mood different on the streets the day after Mubarak announced his intention not to seek re-election and the military urged protesters to return the nation to normalcy.

"Your message is received ... (your) demands became known," a Defense Ministry spokesman said on state-run television. "And we are here and awake to protect the country for you ... not by power but by the love to Egypt. It is time to go back to normal life."

Angry Egyptians, fed up with Mubarak's rule, have camped out in the Egyptian capital's central plaza for a week. The burgeoning demonstrations led to the "march of millions" on Tuesday.

On Wednesday, the voices defending the government were louder. They called the media "traitors" and "agents" and said the country cannot survive without Mubarak. It was unclear how many were out on the streets from their own volition. Three employees of the national petroleum company told CNN they were forced to demonstrate Wednesday.

In a televised address Tuesday night, Mubarak announced he will not seek office again in elections scheduled for September, but vowed to stay in the country and finish his term.

"My first responsibility now is to restore the stability and security of the homeland, to achieve a peaceful transition of power in an environment that will protect Egypt and Egyptians, and which will allow for the responsibility to be given to whoever the people elect in the forthcoming elections," Mubarak said in a televised address Tuesday night.

The concession, large and remarkable for a man who has held a tight grip on power for three decades, may have been too little and too late for many Egyptians.

"He is unfortunately going to continue the agony for another six or seven months," said opposition leader Mohamed ElBaradei.
Camping out in Cairo
American vows to stay in Egypt
Mubarak in 'state of denial'
Egyptians, Tunisians in China speak out
At a glance: Nations facing unrest
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* Egyptian Politics
* Hosni Mubarak

"He's going to continue to polarize the country," said the Nobel Peace Prize winner. "He's continuing to get people even more angry and could result to violence. Whoever gives him that advice gave him absolutely the wrong advice. He just has to let go."

Mubarak's announcement largely rang flat in Tahrir Square, where thousands of protesters erupted in chants of "Down with Mubarak!" and "The people want the president to be judged!" following his announcement. Some waved shoes in the air -- a deep insult in the Arab world -- and said they would continue their demonstrations until Mubarak quits outright.

But Arab League Secretary-General Amre Moussa, a former Egyptian foreign minister, said demonstrators should weigh what Mubarak has said before responding.

"I'm aware that there are certain currents in Egypt that will not see that as satisfactory and they need more," Moussa, a possible presidential contender himself, told CNN. But, he added, "I believe that there is something new that has been offered."

Walid Tawfeeq, a Mubarak supporter, said not all Egyptians agree that Mubarak should step down immediately.

"Not everybody wants President Hosni Mubarak out," Tawfeeq said. "There are elements in the government that needed to be changed. ... There is reform. There is economic reform, but ... change will not happen overnight. There's not a magical button for change. Change will take time."

Mubarak has led Egypt for nearly 30 years since the 1981 assassination of his predecessor, Anwar Sadat, aided by an emergency decree that has allowed him to rule with an iron fist. But following demonstrations that have only grown in the past week, the 82-year-old former air force general told his people Tuesday night, "I have spent enough time serving Egypt."

"I will pursue the transfer of power in a way that will fulfill the people's demands, and that this new government will fulfill the people's demands and their hopes for political, economic and social progress," he said.

The Egyptian parliament has been suspended until a full judicial review is conducted of the November-December 2010 parliamentary elections.

In addition, a government-imposed curfew was shortened by a few hours compared to recent days, though many protesters have ignored the curfew. The new curfew lasts from 5 p.m. Wednesday until 7 a.m. Thursday.

Banks and schools have been closed during the demonstrations, teller machine screens were dark and gas stations have run out of fuel. Long lines snaked around bakeries and supermarkets as shops began to ration how much food customers could buy.

In Alexandria, protesters clashed with supporters of Mubarak, leaving 12 people injured, said Qutb Hassanein, a member of an opposition group. The military was called in to restore calm.

Mohammed Mahmoud, a protester, said he was hit in the head by a stick during the clash.

"We don't want him (Mubarak). We are staying here until we die," he said.

Mubarak's announcement came less than three weeks after a wave of protests forced Tunisia's longtime strongman to flee to Saudi Arabia in mid-January.

Protesters last week taunted, "Mubarak, Saudi Arabia is waiting for you." But despite calls for him to leave the country, the aging leader vowed Tuesday that "This dear country is my country ... and I will die on its land."

Opposition leader Ayman Nour called the speech "very depressing." Nour said Mubarak was already expected to step down at the end of his term -- but some believe Mubarak is maneuvering to have his son, Gamal, succeed him.

Mohammed Habib, deputy chairman of the officially banned Muslim Brotherhood, said Mubarak's speech was built around emotional appeals to his decades of military service and the presidency.

"After 30 years during which corruption and diminishing the strategic role of Egypt in the region became the norm, I do not feel it is time to appeal for people's emotion," Habib said. "We should say 'thank you' to him, 'and get out.' "

In Washington, President Barack Obama said he spoke with Mubarak soon after he announced he would not seek re-election.

Obama called for an orderly transition in Egypt that, he said, should be meaningful, peaceful and must begin now. The U.S. president stressed the Egyptian people will be the ones to determine their own leaders and destiny.

In Cairo, the U.S. ambassador to Egypt, Margaret Scobey, met Tuesday with ElBaradei and will be speaking with leaders of other political movements, a senior State Department official said. The official cautioned that Scobey's talks with ElBaradei doesn't mean the United States favors him.

As in Tunisia, the protests have been fueled by economic woes, including a dramatic rise in the cost of living coupled with high unemployment. Despite the government's food subsidies, people are struggling, with an estimated 40% of the country living in poverty.

The majority of Egypt's population -- and the vast majority of its unemployed -- is under 30, and many protesters are young men looking for economic opportunities and a better life.

As the demonstrations grew, Mubarak fired his Cabinet and ordered newly appointed Vice President Omar Suleiman to hold talks on political reform with opposition leaders.

Juan Cole, a Middle East historian at the University of Michigan, said he had expected the regime to endure the crisis with the support of the military, but that the military appears to have "cut Mubarak loose."

The demonstrations had turned ugly last Friday, when thousands of riot and plainclothes police used brutal force to crack down on people on the streets.

Unconfirmed reports suggest up to 300 people may have been killed during the protests, U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said Tuesday. Human Rights Watch has reported 80 deaths from two hospitals in Cairo, 36 in Alexandria and 13 in Suez.

CNN has not been able to independently confirm the death toll. But since the weekend, the army has replaced police as the enforcers of security, and the gatherings, until Wednesday, had been largely peaceful.

In recent days, protests inspired by the Tunisian outcome have spread to Algeria, Yemen, Jordan and Sudan. Calls for political reform prompted Jordan's King Abdullah II Tuesday to dismiss his government and appoint a new prime minister. A Facebook page urged similar demonstrations in Syria.

And in Yemen, President Ali Abdullah Saleh -- who has been in office for 32 years -- said Wednesday he will not run for president nor hand over power to his son once his current term ends in 2013. Still, many Yemenis said they will proceed with their planned a "day of rage" protests Thursday.

John Entelis, director of Middle East studies at New York's Fordham University, said the Arab world is facing a "wave" of unrest sparked by the Tunisian revolt.

"If it were not for Tunisia, none of this would be happening at this time or in this way," Entelis said.

Source: CNN

Google, Twitter help give voice to Egyptians

(CNN) -- Google has launched the latest salvo in an effort to overcome internet blackouts in Egypt during anti-government protests there.

"Like many people we've been glued to the news unfolding in Egypt and thinking of what we could do to help people on the ground," Google said on its official blog.

The result was a collaboration between Google, Twitter and SayNow (a service Google acquired last week) to let people without access to the Web share messages on Twitter via voice mail.

The service, which is live now, offers three international phone numbers to call -- +16504194196 or +390662207294 or +97316199855.
'Millions' march for a new Egypt
Egypt unites, tells Mubarak 'go'
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For each call, the service will instantly post a message to Twitter with a link to listen to the message.

"We hope that this will go some way to helping people in Egypt stay connected at this very difficult time," the post said. "Our thoughts are with everyone there."

The blog post, by SayNow co-founder Ujjwal Singh and AbdelKarim Mardini, Google's product manager for North Africa and the Middle East, said people without internet access can listen to the messages by calling the same number or or going to twitter.com/speak2tweet. Twitter users can follow that account to see the messages in real time.

The messages also will be posted with the hashtag #egypt -- another way for Twitter users to follow them.

One difficulty Egyptians may face, however, is that mobile-phone networks also have been shut down during the protests. Land lines, of course, could presumably still be used in areas where that is the case.

Last week, as demonstrators angry with the policies of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak took to the streets, the government shut down social-media websites, then blacked out all internet access in much of the country.

On Tuesday, as protesters began what's being called a "march of millions," which many observers say could be a decisive day in the effort to oust Mubarak, there were fresh reports of the internet being shut off in much of Egypt.

Source: CNN

Egypt turns out for 'march of millions' as Mubarak cuts communications

Cairo, Egypt (CNN) -- Protesters packed Cairo's Tahrir Square at mid-day Tuesday, standing shoulder-to-shoulder as large groups still streamed in for the planned "march of millions."

Soldiers stood guard and helicopters hovered overhead as demonstrators gathered to demand President Hosni Mubarak's resignation.

Egypt's government posted troops at key locations and cut internet service as activists pledged to hold major demonstrations in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities Tuesday -- a week after rallies began calling for an end to Mubarak's nearly 30-year rule.

In Cairo, protesters set up their own checkpoints to keep weapons out of Tahrir -- or Liberation -- Square.

Inside the square, the atmosphere was peaceful.

People brought food and beverages to share. Families stood together, with parents saying they came for their children. One group chanted "Down with Mubarak," while others listened to patriotic music. A large sign held by multiple people read, "People demand removal of the regime."

Scattered groups of demonstrators supporting Mubarak were also in the area, which has been a focal point of anti-government protests.

"No to the traitors," chanted a pro-Mubarak group as it headed toward the rally site.

Inside the square, some protesters suggested marching toward Mubarak's presidential palace.

One said, "Mubarak may have thick skin, but we have sharper nails."

The embattled president has given no indication that he plans to give up power, and the Interior Ministry said Monday that it planned to shut down mobile phone networks in preparation for Tuesday's protests. As of 11 a.m. (4 a.m. ET), some cell phone service in the country was still up and running.

Banks and schools were also closed, and there was a curfew aimed to keep people off the streets after 3 p.m. But protesters have defied previous curfew orders.

It will be "a very dramatic and perhaps even a decisive day," said Nicholas Burns, a professor of diplomacy at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and a former U.S. undersecretary of state.

"If the military cracks down on peaceful demonstrators on the streets of Alexandria or Cairo, that will be a decisive factor," he said.

The military said Monday evening that it would not open fire on peaceful protesters.

Mubarak, now 82, imposed an emergency decree after the 1981 assassination of his predecessor, Anwar Sadat. Since then he has ruled with an iron fist. The wave of protests against Mubarak's regime erupted following the uprising in Tunisia that ousted its longtime strongman January 14.

The protesters are calling for democratization -- for a government that they feel represents them. They want an end to what they complain is a corrupt regime. Some have called for the government to face a trial.

A joint statement issued Tuesday by a so-called coalition of six political parties, including the opposition Muslim Brotherhood, laid out five demands for the government:

The resignation of Mubarak. The statement calls his presidency illegitimate following the week of demonstrations against his government.

-- The formation of a transitional government to calm the unrest.

-- The establishment of a committee that will create a new constitution for the country, one that "will guarantee the principle of equality and the circulation of power."

-- The dissolvement of parliamentary councils in the wake of "forged" elections.

-- The use of the military "to protect the country according to the constitution."

The anger is driven largely by economic frustrations. Egypt has seen a dramatic rise in the cost of living in recent years. While the government has offered food subsidies to help people handle rising prices, many are struggling. Egypt's economy was stagnant for decades, but in the past 10 years started to grow, creating bigger differences between rich and poor, said Juan Cole, a Middle East historian at the University of Michigan.

The majority of Egypt's population is under 30 -- as is the vast majority of its unemployed. Many in the crowd are young men looking for economic opportunities and a better life.

Similar protests -- though not as big -- have been held in Algeria and Yemen, also inspired by Tunisia. In recent days the protests have spread to Jordan and Sudan as well. A Facebook page calls for similar demonstrations in Syria.

The political turmoil has paralyzed commerce and disrupted daily life in Egypt.

State television reported Monday that the crisis has cost the country an estimated 69 billion Egyptian pounds (nearly $12 billion) and set its economy back six months.
At a glance: Nations facing unrest
RELATED TOPICS

* Egypt
* Cairo
* North Africa
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ATM screens went dark. Gas stations ran out of fuel. Long lines snaked around bakeries and supermarkets as shops began to ration how much food customers could buy.

Men with makeshift weapons guarded neighborhoods, creating checkpoints to fill the void left when police stopped patrolling the streets.

At demonstrations last Friday, thousands of riot and plainclothes police clashed violently with protesters in a brutal crackdown.

Since then, troops from the country's powerful military have had a strong presence in the streets as largely peaceful protests continued.

"The presence of the armed forces in the Egyptian streets is for your benefit to protect your safety and peace," an unnamed military spokesman announced on state television Monday night. "Your armed forces will not use violence against this great people, who have always played a significant role in every moment of Egypt's great history."

Soldiers at Cairo's Ramses Hilton hotel were putting on newly issued flak jackets -- straight out of their boxes -- on Tuesday morning.

Troops have been mingling with demonstrators in Cairo's Tahrir Square.

"There is no aggressive behavior from the army toward the peaceful assemblies," human rights activist Ramy Raoof said early Tuesday. "We hope that within a few hours, the same also will happen. We hope the army will not escalate violence against us."

Unconfirmed reports suggest up to 300 people may have been killed during the protests, U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said Tuesday. CNN has not been able to independently confirm the death toll. Human Rights Watch has reported 80 deaths from two hospitals in Cairo, 36 deaths in Alexandria and 13 fatalities in Suez.

"I urge the Egyptian authorities to ensure police and other security forces scrupulously avoid excessive use of force, and there needs to be a full investigation into the role of security forces in the violence that occurred over the past few days," Pillay said in a statement.

While it was widely believed Mubarak was grooming his son, Gamal, as his successor, that plan now has been complicated by demands for democracy.

Mubarak fired his Cabinet on Saturday and his designated longtime intelligence chief Omar Suleiman as vice president -- the first time he has filled that post since he came to power in 1981.

Suleiman announced Monday that he had begun discussing reform with opposition parties. Speaking on the state television network, Suleiman said a reform package should be drawn up "expeditiously." "The other parties will also have a role to play, which will lead to real political reform," Suleiman said.

But there were no details about what proposals might be on the table or which parties were taking part.

Several opposition movements have been represented on the streets in the demonstrations.

Mounir Fakhry Abdel Nour, secretary-general of the Wafd Party, told CNN the group's followers have been "extremely active."

Raoof, the human rights activist, said that many people with different perspectives were banding together around a common goal.

"There is no political group leading the people. There is no one leading the people. People are going in a very organic way ... people are just doing it," he said.

But others said they were opposed to the protests.

"I am upset with the revolution in Tahrir Square," said Muna al-Mahdi, her voice trembling with emotion as she spoke in her middle-class Cairo neighborhood. "It doesn't represent us. It doesn't represent our opinion. We are here sticking with Hosni Mubarak only.

"Give him two months, give him time to work," she says. "And then he can go peacefully."

Source: CNN